Field          Engineering and Technology

 

Review of Design and Technology Level 2 achievement and unit standards

 

Unit standards

Subfield

Domain

ID

Design

Design - Computer Graphics

7481

Design - Graphic Communication

7507-7509, 7512, 18995, 18996

Generic Design

7489-7492

Technology

Materials Technology

7525-7528

Process Technology

7537-7540

Technology - General Education

13390, 13393, 13395, 13398, 13401, 13404, 13407, 13410, 13412

 

Achievement standards

Domain

ID

Subject reference

Design - Graphic Communication

90318

Graphics 2.1

90319

Graphics 2.2

90320

Graphics 2.3

90321

Graphics 2.4

90322

Graphics 2.5

90323

Graphics 2.6

90324

Graphics 2.7

90325

Graphics 2.8

Technology - General Education

90339

Biotechnology 2.1

90340

Electronics and Control Technology 2.1

90341

Food Technology 2.1

90342

Information and Communication Technology 2.1

90343

Materials Technology 2.1

90344

Structures and Mechanisms Technology 2.1

90346

Biotechnology 2.2

90347

Electronics and Control Technology 2.2

90348

Food Technology 2.2

90349

Information and Communication Technology 2.2

90350

Materials Technology 2.2

90351

Structures and Mechanisms Technology 2.2

90352

Technology 2.3

90360

Technology 2.5

90361

Biotechnology 2.6

90362

Biotechnology 2.7

90363

Electronics and Control Technology 2.6

90364

Electronics and Control Technology 2.7

90365

Food Technology 2.6

90366

Food Technology 2.7

90367

Information and Communication Technology 2.6

90368

Information and Communication Technology 2.7

90371

Materials Technology 2.6

90372

Materials Technology 2.7

90373

Structures and Mechanisms 2.6

90773

Technology 2.4

 

The Ministry of Education and NZQA National Qualifications Services have completed a review of the achievement and unit standards listed above.

 

New Registration date                           November 2011

 

Date new versions published             November 2011

 

Planned review date                              December 2014

 

Summary of review and consultation process

 

In 2008 the Ministry of Education (MoE) and NZQA began to review achievement and unit standards in light of the revised New Zealand Curriculum (NZC).  This Alignment of Standards (AoS) review also addressed duplication of outcomes, credit parity, fairness, consistency, and coherence.  The AoS review was guided by the revised NZC itself and the Principles for Standards Review.  A copy of the NZC is available at: http://nzcurriculum.tki.org.nz/Curriculum-documents/The-New-Zealand-Curriculum.

 

Teacher subject associations were involved in the review, and draft achievement standards were the focus of wide consultation, especially with secondary schools and teachers.  Extensive resources, including student exemplars, were also developed to support these standards, and are available on the MoE and/or the NZQA websites.

 

The review of unit standards included consultation with tertiary providers to assess continued relevance and likely future use of the standards.  Unit standards that duplicate achievement standard outcomes and those without the likelihood of future tertiary use were recommended for expiry.

 

National consultation was undertaken in 2010, with the results analysed by Research New Zealand.  The responses were generally positive.

 

The review of these Level 2 unit and achievement standards was completed in time for implementation in schools in 2012.  The review of unit and achievement standards at Level 1 was completed in time for implementation in schools in 2011.  Standards at Level 3 will be implemented in 2013.

 

Main changes resulting from the review

 

·         All NZC Level 7 (NZQF Level 2) outcomes derived from the NZC are now assessed using achievement standards, and there are no longer any unit standards linked to the NZC.

·         Existing achievement standards were reviewed and new achievement standards were developed to align with the NZC.  See table below.

·         Grading criteria for achievement standards were reviewed in accordance with the Standards Review Guidelines.

·         Unit standards that recognised similar outcomes as achievement standards were recommended for expiry.  See table below.

 

For a more detailed description of the review of, and the changes to, the Design and Technology standards see the appendix at the end of this report.

 

Impact on existing organisations with consent to assess

 

Current consent for

Consent extended to

Nature of consent

Classification or ID

Level

Nature of consent

Classification or ID

Level

Domain

Design - Graphic Communication

2

Domain

Design and Visual Communication

2

Domain

Generic Design

2

Domain

Design and Visual Communication

2

Domain

Materials Technology

2

Domain

Construction and Mechanical Technologies

2

Domain

Process Technology

2

Domain

Processing Technologies

2

Domain

Technology - General Education

2

Domain

Generic Technology

2

Domain

Design - Computer Graphics

2

Standard

91337

2

Standard

7481

2

Standard

91337

2

Standard

7490

2

Standard

91337

2

Standard

7491

2

Standard

91342, 91343

2

Standard

7492

2

Standard

91342, 91343

2

Standard

7507

2

Standard

91337

2

Standard

7508

2

Standard

91342, 91343

2

Standard

18995

2

Standard

91338

2

Standard

18996

2

Standard

91338

2

 

Impact on Consent and Moderation Requirements (CMR)

(Formerly known as AMAP)

 

All new achievement standards have been registered on CMR 0233.

 

Impact on registered qualifications

 

Key to type of impact

Affected

The qualification lists a reviewed classification (domain or subfield) in an elective set

The qualification lists a standard that has changes to level or credits

The qualification lists a C or D category standard

Not materially affected

The qualification lists a standard that has a new title

The qualification lists a standard that has a new classification

 

The following table identifies qualifications developed by other SSBs that are affected by the outcome of this review.  The SSBs have been advised that the qualifications require revision.

 

Ref

Qualification Title

Classification or ID

SSB Name

0461

National Certificate in Design (Introductory Skills) (Level 2)

7481, 7489, 7490, 7491, 7492, 7507, 7508, 7509, 7512, 7525, 7526, 7527, 7528, 7537, 7538, 7539, 7540

InfraTrain New Zealand

0640

National Certificate in Design (Draughting) (Level 2)

7481, 7492

0672

National Certificate in Engineering and Technology (for the Design and Construction Sector) (Level 4)

7481, 7489, 7490, 7491, 7492, 7507, 7508, 7509, 7525, 7526, 7527, 7528, 7537, 7538, 7539, 7540, 18995, 18996

1368

National Certificate in Building, Construction, and Allied Trades Skills (Level 2)

90323

Building and Construction Industry Training Organisation

 

Impact of changes on NCEA Exclusions List

 

For transition purposes, the following exclusions will apply for new achievement standards.

 

New Achievement standard

Excluded against each of these standards

91337

7481, 7490, 7507

91338

18995,18996, 90318

91339

90319, 90320

91340

90321

91341

90323

91342

7491, 7492, 7508, 7509, 7512, 90324, 90325

91343

7491, 7492, 7508, 7509, 7512, 90324, 90325

91354

13410, 90347, 90348, 90349, 90350, 90351, 90352

91355

13410, 90347, 90348, 90349, 90350, 90351, 90352

91356

13393, 13395, 13398, 13401, 13407, 90339, 90340, 90341, 90342, 90343, 90344, 90360, 90363

91357

13410, 90347, 90348, 90349, 90350, 90351, 90352

91358

13393, 13395, 13398, 13401, 13407, 90339, 90340, 90341, 90342, 90343, 90344, 90360, 90363

 

Review Categories and changes to classification, title, level, and credits

 

The following summary shows the changes made to the standards as a result of the review.  All changes are in bold.  Where a new or a new version of an externally assessed achievement standard is registered, the following designation appears after the title [Externally Assessed].

 

Key to review category

A

Dates changed, but no other changes are made - the new version of the standard carries the same ID and a new version number

B

Changes made, but the overall outcome remains the same - the new version of the standard carries the same ID and a new version number

C

Major changes that necessitate the registration of a replacement achievement standard with a new ID

D

Achievement standard will expire and not be replaced

 

Externally assessed achievement standards categorised as category C or D expire at the end of

December 2011

 

Internally assessed achievement standards categorised as category C or D expire at the end of

December 2012

 

Unit standards categorised as category C or D expire at the end of

December 2013

 

Engineering and Technology > Design > Design - Graphic Communication

ID

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

90322

Produce a mock-up and model to explore design ideas

2

3

D

 

Engineering and Technology > Design > Generic Design

ID

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

7489

Identify design problems and carry out investigation

2

4

D

 

Engineering and Technology > Design

Engineering and Technology > Technology

ID

Ref

Domain

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

7481

 

Design - Computer Graphics

Produce design ideas and images using computer graphics programs

2

3

C

7490

 

Generic Design

Apply visual design elements to solve design problems

2

4

C

7507

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Use freehand sketching techniques to show design development

2

4

C

91337

2.30

Design and Visual Communication

Use visual communication techniques to generate design ideas [Externally Assessed]

2

3

 

18995

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Produce axonometric drawings

2

3

C

18996

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Produce perspective and instrumental drawings

2

3

C

90318

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Produce two-dimensional and three-dimensional annotated freehand sketches to show design ideas

2

3

C

91338

2.31

Design and Visual Communication

Produce working drawings to communicate technical details of a design [Externally Assessed]

2

4

 

90319

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Produce two-dimensional instrumental drawings

2

3

C

90320

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Produce three-dimensional instrumental drawings

2

3

C

91339

2.32

Design and Visual Communication

Produce instrumental perspective projection drawings to communicate design ideas [Externally Assessed]

2

3

 

90321

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Describe and explain design and its implications for society

2

3

C

91340

2.33

Design and Visual Communication

Use the characteristics of a design movement or era to inform own design ideas

2

3

 

90323

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Design and present a solution for an architectural or environmental brief

2

3

C

91341

2.34

Design and Visual Communication

Develop a spatial design through graphics practice

2

6

 

7491

 

Generic Design

Develop and refine design solutions

2

3

C

7492

 

Generic Design

Present design work

2

3

C

7508

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Produce illustration and advertising graphics

2

4

C

7509

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Produce circuit and/or systems graphics

2

4

C

7512

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Produce production drawings to meet final design requirements

2

3

C

90324

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Design and present a solution for an engineering or technological brief

2

3

C

90325

 

Design - Graphic Communication

Design and present a solution for a media or technical illustration brief

2

3

C

91342

2.35

Design and Visual Communication

Use visual communication techniques to compose a presentation of a design

2

6

 

91343

2.36

Design and Visual Communication

Use visual communication techniques to compose a presentation of a design

2

4

 

 

Engineering and Technology > Technology > Materials Technology

ID

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

7525

Select materials and establish processes for a manufacturing task

2

4

D

7526

Use, and care for, portable machine tools in materials technology

2

4

D

7527

Apply fabrication, assembly, and finishing methods in materials technology

2

4

D

7528

Work to design tolerances using marking out and measuring tools safely in materials technology

2

4

D

 

Engineering and Technology > Technology > Construction and Mechanical Technologies

ID

Ref

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

91344

2.20

Implement advanced procedures using resistant materials to make a specified product with special features

2

6

New

91345

2.21

Implement advanced procedures using textile materials to make a specified product with special features

2

6

New

91346

2.23

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts used to make textile products

2

4

New

91347

2.22

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts used to make products

2

4

New

91348

2.24

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts related to structural frameworks

2

3

New

91349

2.25

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts related to machines

2

3

New

91350

2.26

Make advanced adaptations to a pattern to change the structural and style features of a design

2

4

New

 

Engineering and Technology > Technology > Process Technology

ID

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

7537

Use information technology to obtain and present information for a project in process technology

2

3

D

7538

Develop, and apply time management and project organisation to, a design brief in process technology

2

3

D

7539

Produce project presentation using computers and reprographics in process technology

2

3

D

7540

Identify and obtain materials for manufacturing, and develop a sequence for manufacturing

2

3

D

 

Engineering and Technology > Technology > Processing Technologies

ID

Ref

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

91351

2.60

Implement advanced procedures to process a specified product

2

4

New

91352

2.61

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts used in processing

2

4

New

91353

2.62

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts used in preservation and packaging for product storage

2

4

New

 

Engineering and Technology > Technology > Technology - General Education

ID

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

13390

Develop technological solutions by using knowledge and analysis of technological practice

2

10

D

13404

Modify materials to produce a prototype of a technological solution

2

6

D

13412

Use engineering practices to construct a prototype of a structure capable of bearing a point load

2

6

D

90346

Develop and implement a one-off solution in biotechnology

2

6

D

90361

Examine technological knowledge in biotechnology practice

2

4

D

90362

Demonstrate skills in biotechnology

2

4

D

90364

Demonstrate skills in electronics and control technology

2

4

D

90365

Examine technological knowledge in food technology practice

2

4

D

90366

Demonstrate skills in food technology

2

4

D

90367

Examine technological knowledge in information and communication technology practice

2

4

D

90368

Demonstrate skills in information and communication technology

2

4

D

90371

Examine technological knowledge in materials technology practice

2

4

D

90372

Demonstrate skills in materials technology

2

4

D

90373

Examine technological knowledge in structures and mechanisms practice

2

4

D

90773

Examine how technological practice is influenced by responsibilities to the wider community

2

4

D

 

Engineering and Technology > Technology

ID

Ref

Domain

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

13393

 

Technology - General Education

Use biological agents to develop a biotechnological system or environment

2

6

C

13395

 

Technology - General Education

Design and incorporate a control system into a prototype of a technological solution

2

6

C

13398

 

Technology - General Education

Use food technology to modify an existing food product to produce a technological solution

2

6

C

13401

 

Technology - General Education

Employ distance information and communication technologies to produce a technological solution

2

6

C

13407

 

Technology - General Education

Use a mechanism in a prototype of a technological solution to meet specified requirements

2

6

C

90339

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and model a conceptual design in biotechnology

2

6

C

90340

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and model a conceptual design in electronics and control technology

2

6

C

90341

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and model a conceptual design in food technology

2

6

C

90342

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and model a conceptual design in information and communication technology

2

6

C

90343

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and model a conceptual design in materials technology

2

6

C

90344

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and model a conceptual design in structures and mechanisms

2

6

C

90360

 

Technology - General Education

 

Inform own technological practice through the characterisation of an existing production process

2

4

C

90363

 

Technology - General Education

Examine technological knowledge in electronics and control technology practice

2

4

C

91356

2.3

Generic Technology

Develop a conceptual design for an outcome

2

6

 

91358

 

2.5

Generic Technology

Demonstrate understanding of how technological modelling supports risk management [Externally Assessed]

2

4

 

13410

 

Technology - General Education

Design and model a mass production process

2

6

C

90347

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and implement a one-off solution in electronics and control technology

2

6

C

90348

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and implement a one-off solution in food technology

2

6

C

90349

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and implement a one-off solution in information and communication technology

2

6

C

90350

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and implement a one-off solution in materials technology

2

6

C

90351

 

Technology - General Education

Develop and implement a one-off solution in structures and mechanisms

2

6

C

90352

 

Technology - General Education

Develop a means for multi-unit production of a technological outcome

2

6

C

91354

 

2.1

 

Generic Technology

 

Undertake brief development to address an issue

2

4

 

91355

2.2

Generic Technology

 

Select and use planning tools to manage the development of an outcome

 

2

4

 

91357

2.4

Generic Technology

Undertake effective development to make and trial a prototype

2

6

 

 

Engineering and Technology > Technology > Generic Technology

ID

Ref

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

91359

2.6

Demonstrate understanding of the role of material evaluation in product development [Externally Assessed]

2

4

New

91360

2.7

Demonstrate understanding of redundancy and reliability in technological systems [Externally Assessed]

2

4

New

91361

2.8

Demonstrate understanding of sociocultural factors, and how competing priorities are managed, in technology

2

4

New

91362

2.9

Demonstrate understanding of the nature of technological outcomes

2

4

New

91363

2.10

Demonstrate understanding of sustainability in design [Externally Assessed]

2

4

New

91364

2.11

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts related to human factors in design

2

4

New

91365

2.12

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts used in manufacturing

2

4

New

91366

2.13

Undertake development and implementation of an effective manufacturing process

2

6

New

 

Engineering and Technology > Technology > Digital Technologies

ID

Ref

Title

Level

Credit

Review Category

91367

2.40

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts relating to managing shared information within information systems [Externally Assessed]

2

3

New

91368

2.41

Implement advanced procedures to produce a specified digital information outcome with dynamically linked data

2

6

New

91369

2.42

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts of digital media

2

4

New

91370

2.43

Implement advanced procedures to produce a specified digital media outcome

2

4

New

91371

2.44

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts from computer science [Externally Assessed]

2

4

New

91372

2.45

Construct a plan for an advanced computer program for a specified task

2

3

New

91373

2.46

Construct an advanced computer program for a specified task

2

3

New

91374

2.47

Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts used in the construction of electronic environments

2

3

New

91375

2.48

Implement advanced interfacing procedures in a specified electronic environment

2

3

New

91376

2.49

Implement advanced techniques in constructing a specified advanced electronic and embedded system

2

3

New

91377

2.50

Demonstrate understanding of local area network technologies

2

3

New

91378

2.51

Implement procedures for administering a local area network

2

4

New

 


Appendix

 

Level 2 Technology Generic Achievement Standards

 

Process of Aligning Standards with the New Zealand Curriculum

The draft Level 2 matrix and achievement standards have been derived from the achievement objectives in the Technology learning area of the New Zealand Curriculum (NZC) and the Technology Specialist Knowledge and Skills (referred to as the Technology Specialist Body of Knowledge or BoK).  The Technology BoK used in this development can be found at: http://www.techlink.org.nz/curriculum-support/tks/resources/Technological-Context-Knowledge-and-Skills-07-2009.pdf. 

 

The Level 2 Technology Matrix

As with the Level 1 Technology matrix, the Level 2 Technology matrix provides a framework that shows the relationships between the generic Technology standards and the specialist categories of specific knowledge and skill standards, as developed from the NZC and the Technology BoK.  Teaching and learning programmes, or courses, in Technology can be assessed from anywhere across this matrix.  The Level 1 and 2 matrix provides an indication of how knowledge, skills and practice are expected to progress, reflecting Levels 6 and 7 of the NZC.

 

Consistency of step ups across the matrix

The following terms have been agreed to in principle as the basis of between-level progressions and within-standard progressions (Achieved (A), Merit (M), and Excellence (E)) in the specialist categories of Construction and Mechanical Technologies, Digital Technologies and Processing Technologies.

 

·               Descriptors that differentiate knowledge and skill at NCEA Levels 1, 2 and 3 are; Level 1 - Basic, Level 2 - Advanced, and Level 3 - Complex.  Explanatory notes unpack these in detail for each focus area.

 

·               Knowledge-related descriptors that differentiate A, M, and E are; A - demonstrate understanding, M - demonstrate in-depth understanding, and E - demonstrate comprehensive understanding.  Explanatory notes unpack these in detail for each focus area.

 

·               Skill-related descriptors that differentiate A, M, and E are; A - implement procedures, M - skilfully implement procedures, and E - efficiently implement procedures.  Explanatory notes unpack these in detail for each focus area.

 

Please note, the achievement standards in the Design and Visual Communication category do not consistently use the terms specified above, and were largely developed prior to the specialist knowledge and skill development.

 

Addressing Duplication

Careful consideration of the unit standards showed that there was either significant duplication with the achievement standards, or the unit standards were rendered redundant by the changes in the new curriculum.  The unit standards have been recommended for expiry.

 

Addressing Credit Parity

The Credit Parity principle - one credit should reflect a notional 10 hours of learning, practice and assessment for an average candidate - gives a clear guideline to the allocation of credit value.  This principle has been used to allocate credits to all achievement standards.

 

External and Internal Assessment

The majority of technology achievement standards are drafted as standards to be internally assessed in recognition that this is the best mode of assessment for the learning being evidenced.  Internal assessment allows assessment activities and /or outcomes produced by the students to be more varied and better suits the overall goals of the teaching and learning programme.

 

Nine standards have been drafted as external across the matrix to ensure sufficient external credits are available for a range of technology courses to be endorsed.  The generic achievement standards drafted for external assessment are 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 and 2.10.  All achievement standards within the Construction and Mechanical Technologies and Processing Technologies have been drafted as standards to be assessed internally.  The Digital Technologies standards drafted for external assessment are 2.40 and 2.44.  The Design and Visual Communication standards drafted for external assessment are 2.30, 2.31 and 2.32.

 

Specific Comments - Generic Technology

The first nine Generic Technology standards (2.1-2.9), which are derived from Level 7 NZC Curriculum objectives, provide progression from the Level 6 standards.  Each achievement objective relates to one achievement standard with the exception of Outcome Development and Evaluation, which has again been separated into two standards (2.3 and 2.4).

 

The four additional standards added to the generic section of the Level 1 technology matrix have also all been progressed to Level 2.  The two design-related standards have been progressed to focus on issues associated with sustainability (2.10) and innovation in design and advanced concepts related to human factors (2.11).  The two manufacturing related standards have been progressed to focus on advanced concepts (2.12) and effective practices (2.13) in manufacturing.  The two design standards are seen as likely to be used across all specialist categories of Technology.  It is likely the two manufacturing standards will be most relevant and used across Processing and Construction and Mechanical categories, although there also are opportunities for use in Electronics within Digital Technologies.

 

Specific Comments - Construction and Mechanical Technologies

All Level 1 achievement standards in Construction and Mechanical Technologies have been progressed to focus on advanced concepts and/or procedures as appropriate to Level 2.

 

Advanced concepts related to products made from resistant or textile materials refer to knowledge of how and why techniques are brought together to achieve features of quality crafting and knowledge of safe practice across school and industry settings.  Advanced procedures related to working with resistant and textile materials refer to the scheduling of techniques to achieve required features.

 

Advanced concepts in structures refer to understandings related to how forces act in members of pin jointed structures.  Advanced concepts in machines refer to understanding lifting machines and the relationships between efficiency and safety.

 

Specific Comments - Digital Technologies

All Level 1 achievement standards in Digital Technologies have been progressed to focus on advanced concepts, procedures, techniques, and tasks and/or programs as appropriate to Level 2.

 

Advanced concepts related to information management refer to the relationship between tools, techniques, design elements, and legal and ethical considerations in relation to information management.  Advanced procedures related to information management refer to the use of advanced features and techniques in the development of an integrated compound document system, including object linking and embedding requirements.

 

Advanced concepts related to digital media refer to the relationship between tools, techniques, effective and appropriate asset management, file management, and naming and other standards and conventions in relation to digital media.  Advanced procedures related to digital media refer to the use of advanced techniques in the development of a digital media outcome with original content, and that integrates media types.

 

Advanced concepts from computer science are the concepts of computability and tractability, the formal specification of programming languages, data representations and coding, and usability heuristics.  Advanced tasks for computer science are those involving sequential data and requiring input, sequential, conditional, and iterative algorithmic structures and allowing for a modular solution.  An advanced computer program refers to a program written in a programming language that:

·               will include variables, assignment, predefined actions (may include but are not limited to predefined methods, functions, or procedures), and expressions

·               will include sequence, selection, and iteration control structures

·               will include multiple programmer defined modules (functions, methods, procedures, etc), and calls to these modules (the modules are not expected to have parameters)

·               uses data in sequential data structures (arrays, lists, or files)

·               obtains and uses input from a user, files, or other external sources

·               has been tested and works correctly.

 

Advanced concepts related to electronics focus on understandings of how different sub‑systems can be linked so that they work together compatibly in an electronic and embedded system and on the function of the components involved.  Advanced interfacing procedures related to electronics refer to the selection, testing and debugging of the hardware and software that allow sensors and actuators to work together compatibly to meet the given specifications for the specified electronic environment.  Advanced techniques related to electronics refer to such things as:

·               laying out and constructing functional circuits on PCBs using CAD software and manufacturing systems eg photo resist or engraving machines

·               soldering of high-quality joints on closely spaced pads

·               calculations using Ohms Law, P = I2R or T = R.C

·               fault finding using visual inspection and multimeters to test for voltage and continuity

·               developing testing and debugging strategies for electronic and embedded systems to ensure they work properly

·               employing safe workshop practice.

 

The infrastructure-related standards which focus on understanding basic infrastructure concepts and servicing personal computers at Level 1 have been progressed to focus on concepts and components of local area networks and administrating local area networks at Level 2.

 

Specific Comments - Processing Technologies

All Level 1 achievement standards in Processing Technologies have been progressed to focus on advanced concepts and procedures appropriate for Level 2.

 

Advanced concepts related to processing refer to knowledge of how and why techniques are brought together to achieve required outcomes and knowledge of safe practice across school and industry settings.  Advanced procedures related to processing refer to performing a parallel sequence of processing operations and tests to make a successful product.

 

Advanced concepts in preservation and packaging refer to understandings related to how combinations of decay mechanisms can be resolved through preservation and packaging techniques suitable for storing across different national environments.